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Electric Cars & the Lithium batteries

Why phosphate iron and lithium, material brought to invade our future lithium batteries, managed to drive the course while it is insulation? Chemists from the CNRS, in collaboration with a team from the CEA-Liten ,have managed to clarify this paradox. Their model "Domino cascade process," experimentally verified, shows that local within the material allow for electronic and ionic conduction spreading step by step and thus ensuring the functioning of the battery. These results, open up new prospects for finding new electrode materials for batteries and can understand how batteries of electric cars of tomorrow.



The nanoparticles of iron and phosphate lithium (100 nm) constituting the agglomerate are processed individually during the battery charge

via the "domino cascade process"



The lithium-ion batteries can store three to four times more energy per unit mass than conventional batteries have invaded the market for mobile systems (computers, mobile phones, music players, etc. ...). The positive electrode materials of these batteries have excellent performance but a cost too high to be used in large batteries of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles of the second generation. The material of the future for these applications is iron
phosphate and lithium: ecological, it has unique properties combined with a low cost andars of tomorrow.

 

good thermal stability, an essential element for security. All these
characteristics make the candidate best able to equip lithium batteries for our
future electric cars. Paradoxically, this material does not present the
properties of ion conduction and electronics required for the functioning of the
electrode.



Chemists CNRS of the Institute of Chemistry of condensed matter of Bordeaux (ICMCB)
succeeded for the first time, to interpret this paradox. By studying iron
phosphate and lithium, in collaboration with a team from the CEA-Liten, they
have shown that the cycles of charge and discharge of the battery are possible
by the "domino cascade process." This phenomenon occurs when there are
constraints at the interface between the material to be land filled and the
material to the state discharged. The electronic and ionic conduction is
extremely fast in interfacial area, it spreads step by step, like dominoes, as
the interface moves. This model has been verified by microscopic steps.



This process of unprecedented reaction, like a wave, wipe the crystal, helps
explain why two insulating materials (material to the state loaded and unloaded)
can still operate lithium-ion batteries. This is an important step forward in
the search for new electrode materials more secure and low cost for future
lithium batteries. This research has also helped to know the operation, a
nanoscale; batteries based phosphate, iron and lithium, brought to equip
electric and hybrid c