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Details of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular life.

DNA may also refer to:

• DNA replication, involves the following genes and proteins:
• gene dnaA and protein DnaA
• gene dnaB and protein DnaB helicase
• gene dnaC and protein DnaC
• gene dnaG and protein DnaG

The molecule that encodes genetic information. DNA is a double-stranded molecule held together by weak bonds between base pairs of nucleotides. The four nucleotides in DNA contain the bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In nature, base pairs form only between A and T and between G and C; thus the base sequence of each single strand can be deduced from that of its partner.

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information and DNA is often compared to a set of blueprints, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information.

Chemically, DNA is a long polymer of simple units called nucleotides, with a backbone made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called bases. It is the sequence of these four bases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA, in a process called transcription. Most of these RNA molecules are used to synthesize proteins, but others are used directly in structures such as ribosomes and spliceosomes.

Within cells, DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes and the set of chromosomes within a cell make up a genome. These chromosomes are duplicated before cells divide, in a process called DNA replication. Eukaryotic organisms such as animals, plants, and fungi store their DNA inside the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes such as bacteria it is found in the cell's cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA, which helps control its interactions with other proteins and thereby control which genes are transcribed.

DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the double helix molecule of hereditary.  It is composed of 4 bases or building  adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G).  These bases are strung along two opposing strands, like pearls on a string.  The A is always bound to T and G is always bound to C by week hydrogen bonds.  The specific order of bases is the DNA sequence.

A chemical consisting of a sequence of hundreds of millions of nucleotides found in the nucleus of cells; DNA is shaped like a double-stranded helix. It is the genetic blueprint from which RNA and protein are made. All genetic information about an individual is contained within its DNA.

The long chain of molecules in most cells that carries the genetic message and controls all cellular functions in most forms of life.